{"id":3464,"date":"2019-04-30T11:37:16","date_gmt":"2019-04-30T09:37:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lottini.it\/dalla-pianta-di-lino-al-filato\/"},"modified":"2024-10-17T12:48:14","modified_gmt":"2024-10-17T10:48:14","slug":"linen-properties-and-processing-steps","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lottini.it\/en\/linen-properties-and-processing-steps\/","title":{"rendered":"Linen | Properties and processing steps"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[vc_row el_class=&#8221;text-justify&#8221;][vc_column el_class=&#8221;text-justify&#8221;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;text-justify&#8221;]<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<h2>FROM SOWING TO SPINNING<\/h2>\n<h4>Characteristics and properties of flax<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Egyptian flax plant grows to a height of up to 1.2 m. Its leaves are long and thin, green in colour, while the flowers are light blue; the seed is contained within the fruit, which has a round size of about 5-9 mm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The flax plant is cultivated for both seed and fibre. The term \u2018flax\u2019, commonly used in our industry, is used to identify both the plant and the unspun flax fibre. Flax fibre consists of a <strong>central core<\/strong>, an <strong>inner bark<\/strong> and an <strong>outer bark<\/strong>; for yarn production, the inner bark must be separated from the core and the outer bark. These different layers, however, are held together by a \u2018glue\u2019, formed by lignins and pectins, and to dissolve this bond, the stems must be macerated.<\/p>\n<h4>Flax processing stages: from sowing to spinning<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flax is sown in Europe around mid-March, and in Egypt in January. The seeds are scattered very thickly so as to encourage the natural upward growth of the plant, in order to obtain the longest possible fibres.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of the first processing steps is <strong>maceration<\/strong> (retting), which usually consists of prolonged exposure of the stem to moisture.<br \/>\nThe main fibres used are distinguished by their origin, which can be Egyptian or European.<br \/>\nIn Egyptian fibre, the flax plant is literally uprooted (not cut), to obtain the maximum fibre length, and is macerated immersed in water.<br \/>\nWater is the most common practice for steeping and produces fibre of the highest quality. It is preferable to do this in stagnant or slowly moving water, such as ponds, swamps and streams. As a rule, the more stagnant the water source, the more abundant the bacterial fauna and the faster the maceration process, which generally lasts from a few days to a couple of weeks, depending on the water temperature.<br \/>\nEuropean fibre, on the other hand, is macerated on the ground, only thanks to the dew that settles on the stems during the night.<br \/>\nThis method is preferred in areas where water sources are limited, but which enjoy warm temperatures during the day and abundant dew at night.<br \/>\nThe flax stems are spread evenly over a field, where the combination of air, sun and dew causes fermentation, which dissolves much of the stem, within 2-3 weeks.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>This different treatment gives the Egyptian fibre a lighter appearance, while the European fibre is darker in colour.<br \/>\nAfter the retting process, the stems are air or mechanically dried and are usually stored for a period of a few weeks to months to allow polymerisation.<br \/>\nAfter polymerisation, the woody stems that still cling to the flax fibres are further broken in the scutching process by passing them through rollers that crush the woody part into smaller pieces (shives), so that they can be removed more easily.<\/p>\n<p>This process produces a coarse fibre composed of <strong>long, woody <\/strong>fibre called \u2018shive\u2019 and a <strong>short<\/strong> flax fibre called \u2018scutching tow\u2019 (rescutched tow or Arusse).<br \/>\nScutching tow is also used for the production of ropes and twines, but being coarser, it is used in products where a high degree of homogeneity is not required, such as ropes and twines of large gauge.<br \/>\nLong fibres go through a process called combing (heckled), which uses combs to separate the short fibre (comb tow or machine tow) from the long fibre (long fibre).<br \/>\nBoth long and short fibres are straightened in several passes, becoming uniform and homogeneous, before being spun.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\nWe at <strong>Lottini srl<\/strong> have always followed <strong>all stages of flax processing<\/strong>, right from sowing.<br \/>\nIn this month of the year, the new crop of Egyptian fibre is ready for cutting, more precisely for \u2018pulling\u2019. The plant is not cut, but weeded, to get the maximum length of fibre, hence the term \u2018pulling\u2019 from the English \u2018pull\u2019.<br \/>\nThis happens about 100 days after sowing and thirty days after flowering.<br \/>\nWithin forty days after pulling, it will be ready for processing.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row el_class=&#8221;text-justify&#8221;][vc_column el_class=&#8221;text-justify&#8221;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;text-justify&#8221;] FROM SOWING TO SPINNING Characteristics and properties of flax The Egyptian flax plant grows to a height of up to 1.2 m. Its leaves are long&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2169,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3464","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-approfondimenti-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Linen | Properties and processing steps - Lottini<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lottini.it\/en\/linen-properties-and-processing-steps\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Linen | Properties and processing steps - Lottini\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[vc_row el_class=&#8221;text-justify&#8221;][vc_column el_class=&#8221;text-justify&#8221;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;text-justify&#8221;] FROM SOWING TO SPINNING Characteristics and properties of flax The Egyptian flax plant grows to a height of up to 1.2 m. Its leaves are long...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.lottini.it\/en\/linen-properties-and-processing-steps\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Lottini\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Lottini-srl-320982865271967\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-04-30T09:37:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-10-17T10:48:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.lottini.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/iStock-121369706_post.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"628\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"adminHtt\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"adminHtt\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.lottini.it\/en\/linen-properties-and-processing-steps\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.lottini.it\/en\/linen-properties-and-processing-steps\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"adminHtt\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.lottini.it\/#\/schema\/person\/88ca0ff3ed35dd5043959625199f69d3\"},\"headline\":\"Linen | Properties and processing steps\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-04-30T09:37:16+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-10-17T10:48:14+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.lottini.it\/en\/linen-properties-and-processing-steps\/\"},\"wordCount\":686,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.lottini.it\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.lottini.it\/en\/linen-properties-and-processing-steps\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.lottini.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/iStock-121369706_post.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Approfondimenti\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.lottini.it\/en\/linen-properties-and-processing-steps\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.lottini.it\/en\/linen-properties-and-processing-steps\/\",\"name\":\"Linen | Properties and processing steps - 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